Bibtex
Cite as text
@Select Types{,
Journal = "Band-1",
Title= "Blockchain Development for Increased Transparency and Novel Incentives Structures with Wearables in mHealth",
Author= "Max-Marcel Theilig",
Doi= "https://doi.org/10.30844/wi_2020_b7-theilig",
Abstract= "Blockchain technologies are heavily used in concepts to disrupt monetary platforms or supply chain applications, while there are other potentially well-suited sectors. Individual, personal data like in the sector of wellbeing and health lifestyle is fragmented across multiple silos, and here, blockchains offer a real solution. The blockchain technology is able to increase transparency, provide traceability while keeping pseudonymity, and therefore, enables novel incentive concepts. Towards this end, we implement a prototype for adoption of medical standard information using the Ethereum blockchain on a WearOS device. We found that deploying and running blockchain smart contracts on a consumer smart watch is feasible. While proof of concept was shown for quantified health monitoring, vast developments pose a high technical barrier, with limited documentation available. Further identified obstacles relate to the multifarious, cross-platform means needed for integration into broader projects.
",
Keywords= "blockchain, mobile health, wearable devices, wearOS, prototyping",
}
Max-Marcel Theilig: Blockchain Development for Increased Transparency and Novel Incentives Structures with Wearables in mHealth. Online: https://doi.org/10.30844/wi_2020_b7-theilig (Abgerufen 23.11.24)
Open Access
Blockchain technologies are heavily used in concepts to disrupt monetary platforms or supply chain applications, while there are other potentially well-suited sectors. Individual, personal data like in the sector of wellbeing and health lifestyle is fragmented across multiple silos, and here, blockchains offer a real solution. The blockchain technology is able to increase transparency, provide traceability while keeping pseudonymity, and therefore, enables novel incentive concepts. Towards this end, we implement a prototype for adoption of medical standard information using the Ethereum blockchain on a WearOS device. We found that deploying and running blockchain smart contracts on a consumer smart watch is feasible. While proof of concept was shown for quantified health monitoring, vast developments pose a high technical barrier, with limited documentation available. Further identified obstacles relate to the multifarious, cross-platform means needed for integration into broader projects.
blockchain, mobile health, wearable devices, wearOS, prototyping
1. Casino, F., Dasaklis, T.K., Patsakis, C.: A systematic literature review of blockchain-based applications: current status, classification and open issues. Telematics and Informatics. (2018).
2. Seebacher, S., Schüritz, R.: Blockchain technology as an enabler of service systems: A structured literature review. In: International Conference on Exploring Services Science. pp. 12–23. Springer (2017).
3. Tapscott, D., Tapscott, A.: Blockchain revolution: how the technology behind bitcoin is changing money, business, and the world. Penguin (2016).
4. Wüst, K., Gervais, A.: Do you need a Blockchain? In: 2018 Crypto Valley Conference on Blockchain Technology (CVCBT). pp. 45–54. IEEE (2018).
5. Wessling, F., Ehmke, C., Hesenius, M., Gruhn, V.: How Much Blockchain Do You Need? Towards a Concept for Building Hybrid DApp Architectures. In: 2018 IEEE/ACM 1st International Workshop on Emerging Trends in Software Engineering for Blockchain (WETSEB). pp. 44–47 (2018).
6. Friedlmaier, M., Tumasjan, A., Welpe, I.M.: Disrupting Industries With Blockchain: The Industry, Venture Capital Funding, and Regional Distribution of Blockchain Ventures. Social Science Research Network, Rochester, NY (2017).
7. Dhillon, V., Metcalf, D., Hooper, M.: Blockchain in Health Care. In: Dhillon, V., Metcalf, D., and Hooper, M. (eds.) Blockchain Enabled Applications: Understand the Blockchain Ecosystem and How to Make it Work for You. pp. 125–138. Apress, Berkeley, CA (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3081-7_9.
8. Randall, D., Goel, P., Abujamra, R.: Blockchain applications and use cases in health information technology. J Health Med Informat. 8, 2 (2017).
9. Bell, E.A., Ohno-Machado, L., Grando, M.A.: Sharing My Health Data: A Survey of Data Sharing Preferences of Healthy Individuals. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2014, 1699–1708 (2014).
10. Floyd, C.: A systematic look at prototyping. In: Approaches to prototyping. pp. 1–18. Springer (1984).
11. Duc, A.N., Abrahamsson, P.: Minimum Viable Product or Multiple Facet Product? The Role of MVP in Software Startups. In: Sharp, H. and Hall, T. (eds.) Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming. pp. 118–130. Springer International Publishing (2016).
12. Dannen, C.: Introducing Ethereum and Solidity. Springer (2017).
13. Solidity Documentation, https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.10/.
14. Wood, G.: Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transaction ledger. Ethereum project yellow paper. 151, 1–32 (2014).
15. Fairley, P.: Blockchain world – Feeding the blockchain beast if bitcoin ever does go mainstream, the electricity needed to sustain it will be enormous. IEEE Spectrum. 54, 36– 59 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2017.8048837.
16. Microsoft Co.: Xamarin App Development with Visual Studio, https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/xamarin/.
17. GitHub Repository: Ethereum .Net cross platform integration library, https://github.com/Nethereum/Nethereum.
18. Google LCC: Wear OS by Google, https://developer.android.com/wear.
19. Huawei Technologies Co.: Huawei Watch 2, https://consumer.huawei.com/en/wearables/watch2/.
20. Health Level Seven International (HL7): About Health Level Seven International, https://www.hl7.org/about/index.cfm.
21. Health Level Seven International (HL7): HL7 FHIR, https://www.hl7.org/fhir/.
22. Braunstein, M.L.: Health Informatics on FHIR: How HL7’s New API is Transforming Healthcare. Springer (2018).
23. Iyer, K., Dannen, C.: The Ethereum Development Environment. In: Iyer, K. and Dannen, C. (eds.) Building Games with Ethereum Smart Contracts: Intermediate Projects for Solidity Developers. pp. 19–36. Apress, Berkeley, CA (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978- 1-4842-3492-1_2.
24. Geth Documentation, https://geth.ethereum.org/docs/.
25. GitHub Repository: Official Command Line Interface of the Ethereum protocol, https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.
26. Parity Technologies: Parity Documentation – Light Ethereum Subprotocol, https://wiki.parity.io/Light-Ethereum-Subprotocol-(LES).
27. Parity Technologies: Parity Documentation – The Parity Light Protocol, http://wiki.parity.io/The-Parity-Light-Protocol-(PIP).
28. JSON-RPC Working Group: JSON-RPC 2.0 Specification, https://www.jsonrpc.org/specification.
29. McGann, S., Jancey, J., Tye, M.: Taking the stairs instead: The impact of workplace design standards on health promotion strategies. Australas Med J. 6, 23–28 (2013). https://doi.org/10.4066/AMJ.2013.1584.
30. Suri, G., Sheppes, G., Leslie, S., Gross, J.J.: Stairs or escalator? Using theories of persuasion and motivation to facilitate healthy decision making. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied. 20, 295 (2014).
31. Litan, A., Leow, A.: Hype Cycle for Blockchain Technologies, 2019. Gartner, Inc.
32. The Linux Foundation: Hyperledger Burrow, https://www.hyperledger.org/projects/hyperledger-burrow.
33. Reyna, A., Martín, C., Chen, J., Soler, E., Díaz, M.: On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities. Future Generation Computer Systems. 88, 173–190 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.05.046.
34. Makhdoom, I., Abolhasan, M., Abbas, H., Ni, W.: Blockchain’s adoption in IoT: The challenges, and a way forward. Journal of Network and Computer Applications. (2018).